It is the initial diagnostic method for studying thyroid nodules or certain masses in the neck. The thyroid is a gland located at the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple, and its function is to produce thyroid hormone, which aids in the body's metabolism.

The Aspiration biopsy Fine needle aspiration involves inserting a small needle into the nodule to obtain a sufficient amount of material to help determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant.

The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and its diagnostic accuracy is greater than 95%. Local anesthetics are not necessary due to the thinness of the needle used. If the nodule is palpable or measures more than two centimeters, the procedure is performed directly by the surgeon. If the nodule is not palpable or measures less than 2 cm, the biopsy must be performed under ultrasound guidance, which is usually done by a radiologist.

Procedure:

The person lies on their back with their neck extended. The puncture site is sterilized with alcohol, and then the needle is inserted, moved in and out two or three times, and finally removed. Gentle pressure is applied to the site for two minutes. This procedure takes approximately one minute. Occasionally, a second puncture is necessary when it is not possible to obtain sufficient material.

No preparation is necessary. Most people report mild, short-lived pain. There is a very low risk of bruising, which can usually be treated with common painkillers and local measures. The sample obtained is processed by an expert pathologist, which takes approximately two weeks. The result must be interpreted by a head and neck surgeon or an endocrinologist.